News & Analysis

Promoting Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns in Agriculture in Kenya

Published

1 year ago

May 15, 2022

Admin

By Dr. Kariuki Muigua, PhD (Leading Environmental Law Scholar, Policy Advisor, Natural Resources Lawyer and Dispute Resolution Expert from Kenya), Winner of Kenya’s ADR Practitioner of the Year 2021, ADR Publisher of the Year 2021 and CIArb (Kenya) Lifetime Achievement Award 2021.*

It has been observed that although environment does not feature in Vision 2030 as a pillar, there has been a wide range of policy, institutional and legislative frameworks by the Government aimed at addressing the major causes of environmental degradation and negative impacts on ecosystems emanating from industrial and economic development programmes. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 requires countries around the globe to work towards the following:

Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

12.1 Implement the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns, all countries taking action, with developed countries taking the lead, taking into account the development and capabilities of developing countries

12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources

12.3 By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses

12.4 By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment

12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse 12.6 Encourage companies, especially large and transnational companies, to adopt sustainable practices and to integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle

12.7 Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities

12.8 By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature

12.a Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production

12.b Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products

12.c Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions, in accordance with national circumstances, including by restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the affected communities.

Banking on these SDG obligations, Kenya can take up and implement a number of measures that can inch it closer to achieving sustainable consumption and production patterns.

Tackling Food Wastage at Consumer and Production Levels

There is a need to address the challenge of food wastage and loss during harvesting, transportation, storage as well as at the consumption stage in order to ensure that there is enough for local consumption as well as possible sale of the excess as a way of improving the livelihoods of farmers.24 Locally produced food and other potential income earners natural resources could undergo local value addition and be exported either within African region markets or out of Africa. This would have a positive effect on the economic wellbeing of all persons starting from the grassroots levels.

Pollution Prevention and Control

There is a need for stakeholders to identify opportunities and explore the same in order to reduce the production of wastes and the use of toxic materials, to prevent soil, water, and air pollution and to conserve and reuse resources. The Constitution of Kenya guarantees the right of every person to a clean and healthy environment including the right to have the environment protected for the benefit of present and future generations through legislative and other measures, particularly those contemplated in Article 69. Pollution may be as a result of, inter alia, waste by-products emanating from industrialization of our society, the introduction of motorized vehicles, and the explosion of the human population, leading to an exponential growth in the production of goods and services. Combating pollution in all its forms is thus critical if the sustainable development agenda is to be achieved and this calls for concerted efforts from all stakeholders including state organs, private sector and individuals.

Agricultural Diversification and Diversification of Livelihood Sources in Kenya

Agricultural diversification is considered to be an important mechanism for economic growth. Agricultural diversification can be facilitated by technological breaks-through, by changes in consumer demand or in government policy or in trade arrangements, and by development of irrigation, roads, and other infrastructures. It has been argued that the policy frameworks of government for rural infrastructure transport, irrigation, storage facilities, processing, and providing incentives to the farmers encourages agricultural diversification. A research targeting Southern Nakuru County on ‘Sustainable food systems through diversification and indigenous vegetables’ found that one way to improve sustainability of the local food system is diversification, starting with better integrating indigenous vegetables, into the food system. Overreliance on certain foods in the country such as maize and so the staple grains often leads to communities overexploiting their lands through farming. There is a need for continued campaigns for communities to change their attitudes towards other sources of food and embracing the same.

The overreliance on certain foods is also what leads to excessive use of agrochemicals leading to environmental degradation. Thus, diversification of food sources and agricultural diversification may not only ensure that there is food security but also help in environmental conservation and restoration. It is not only important to promote agricultural diversification but also livelihood diversification, where the latter means farming households engaging in multiple agricultural and nonagricultural activities. Both agricultural and livelihood diversification are ways of managing climate risk. In addition, agricultural diversification can address poverty levels by increasing and stabilizing farmers’ incomes and rural employment. While some authors have conflicting opinion on the full effect of agrochemicals on the environment, there is a need for farmers to turn towards compost manure and treat their soils in attempts to reduce agrochemicals inputs for the sake of healthy environment and sustainability purposes.

*This article is an extract from the Article “Promoting Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns in Kenya for Development” by Dr. Kariuki Muigua, PhD, Kenya’s ADR Practitioner of the Year 2021 (Nairobi Legal Awards), ADR Publisher of the Year 2021 and ADR Lifetime Achievement Award 2021 (CIArb Kenya). Dr. Kariuki Muigua is a foremost Environmental Law and Natural Resources Lawyer and Scholar, Sustainable Development Advocate and Conflict Management Expert in Kenya. Dr. Kariuki Muigua is a Senior Lecturer of Environmental Law and Dispute resolution at the University of Nairobi School of Law and The Center for Advanced Studies in Environmental Law and Policy (CASELAP). He has published numerous books and articles on Environmental Law, Environmental Justice Conflict Management, Alternative Dispute Resolution and Sustainable Development. Dr. Muigua is also a Chartered Arbitrator, an Accredited Mediator, the Africa Trustee of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators and the Managing Partner of Kariuki Muigua & Co. Advocates. Dr. Muigua is recognized among the top 5 leading lawyers and dispute resolution experts in Kenya by the Chambers Global Guide 2022.

References

Muigua, K., “Promoting Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns in Kenya for Development,” Available at: http://kmco.co.ke/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Promoting-Sustainable-Consumption-and-Production-Patterns-in-Kenya-for-Development-Kariuki-Muigua-Ph.D.pdf (accessed 15 May 2022).

Up Next

Proposals for Promoting Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns in Kenya

Don't Miss

Challenges to Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns in Kenya

Click to comment

News & Analysis

Legal and Policy Framework for Energy Transition in Kenya

Published

2 hours ago

September 28, 2023

Admin

By Dr. Kariuki Muigua, PhD (Leading Environmental Law Scholar, Sustainable Development Policy Advisor, Natural Resources Lawyer and Dispute Resolution Expert from Kenya), The African Arbitrator of the Year 2022, Kenya’s ADR Practitioner of the Year 2021, CIArb (Kenya) Lifetime Achievement Award 2021 and ADR Publisher of the Year 2021 and Author of the Kenya’s First ESG Book: Embracing Environmental Social and Governance (ESG) tenets for Sustainable Development” (Glenwood, Nairobi, July 2023).

Energy plays an important role in Kenya and is one of the key drivers of socio-economic development. This has been recognized under the Vision 2030 development blueprint which identifies energy as one the key factors in spearheading economic, social and political development in the country. Kenya considers access to competitively-priced, reliable, quality, safe and sustainable energy as an essential ingredient for the country’s social –economic development. It has been argued that access to energy is a Constitutional right in Kenya. Although the Constitution does not expressly provide for the right to access to energy, it recognizes energy as part of the natural resources in Kenya. To this extent, the Constitution provides that natural resources mean the physical non-human factors and components, whether renewable or non-renewable, including inter alia rocks, minerals, fossil fuels and other sources of energy.

The Constitution also enshrines the principle of Sustainable Development. Enhancing universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services including renewable sources of energy is an essential part of the Sustainable Development agenda. The Energy Act, 2019 was enacted to consolidate the laws relating to energy, to provide for National and County Government functions in relation to energy, to provide for the establishment, powers and functions of the energy sector entities; promotion of renewable energy; exploration, recovery and commercial utilization of geothermal energy; regulation of midstream and downstream petroleum and coal activities; regulation, production, supply and use of electricity and other energy forms; and for connected purposes. The Act mandates the government to facilitate the provision of affordable energy services to all persons in Kenya. It also establishes national energy entities including the Energy and Petroleum Regulatory Authority, the Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Corporation and the Nuclear Power and Energy Agency which are vital in enhancing energy access in Kenya.

The Energy and Petroleum Regulatory Authority is mainly tasked with regulatory activities related to inter alia the generation, importation, exportation, distribution and supply of electric energy, petroleum and petroleum products, renewable energy and other forms of energy. The Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Corporation is tasked with overseeing the implementation of the rural electrification programme and promoting the use of renewable energy and technologies among other functions. The Nuclear Power and Energy Agency is tasked with inter alia implementation of the nuclear energy programme and promoting the development of nuclear electricity generation in Kenya. The Energy Act also mandates the government to promote the development and use of renewable energy technologies in Kenya including but not limited to biomass, biodiesel, bioethanol, charcoal, fuelwood, solar, wind, tidal waves, hydropower, biogas and municipal waste. This is a vital step in accelerating energy transition in Kenya.

Sessional Paper No. 4 on Energy seeks to promote equitable access to quality energy services at least cost while protecting the environment. It acknowledges that the development objectives of the country are only feasible if quality energy services are made available in a sustainable, cost effective and affordable manner to all sectors of the economy ranging from manufacturing, services, mining, and agriculture to households. The Sessional paper identifies several measures that are critical in accelerating energy transition in Kenya including the development and adoption of renewable sources of energy, enhancing rural electrification, research and development, regional trade and cooperation and fostering energy conservation and efficiency. Further, the National Energy Policy recognizes energy as a critical component for the socio-economic development of Kenya.

The policy seeks to achieve several objectives in the energy sector including improving access to affordable, competitive and reliable energy services, promoting energy efficiency and conservation and promoting diversification of energy supply sources in Kenya to ensure security of supply. It contains several proposals towards the use, development and conservation of energy sources in the country such as coal resources, renewable energy and electricity. The Policy also contains energy efficiency and conservation measures aimed at reducing energy consumption without sacrificing productivity or increasing costs. Actualizing this Policy is therefore vital in accelerating energy transition in Kenya. Kenya joined the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) Initiative in 2014 and developed its national SE4ALL Action Agenda and Investment Prospectus. The national SE4ALL Action Agenda specifies the country’s targets for achieving universal access to modern energy access services, doubling the global rate of energy efficiency improvements, and doubling the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix by 2030. Kenya’s SE4All seeks to achieve 100% universal access to modern energy services, increase the rate of energy efficiency and increase to 80% the share of renewable energy in Kenya’s energy mix, by 2030.

Energy transition in Kenya is also a pertinent concern under the Climate Change Act. The Act seeks to combat climate change in Kenya by enhancing national responses to climate change and promoting low carbon climate development. The Act encourages the government to put in place measures for the elimination of climate change including reduction of greenhouse emissions and use of renewable energy. The Act recognizes the role of energy in combating climate change and urges the state to enhance energy conservation, efficiency and use of renewable energy in industrial, commercial, transport, domestic and other uses. Accelerating energy transition is therefore vital in confronting climate change in Kenya.

*This article is an extract from published article “Accelerating Energy Transition in Kenya,” by Dr. Kariuki Muigua, PhD, Senior Advocate of Kenya, Chartered Arbitrator, Kenya’s ADR Practitioner of the Year 2021 (Nairobi Legal Awards), ADR Lifetime Achievement Award 2021 (CIArb Kenya), African Arbitrator of the Year 2022, Africa ADR Practitioner of the Year 2022, Member of Permanent Court of Arbitration nominated by Republic of Kenya and Member of National Environment Tribunal (NET). Dr. Kariuki Muigua is a foremost Environmental Law and Natural Resources Lawyer and Scholar, Sustainable Development Advocate and Conflict Management Expert in Kenya. Dr. Kariuki Muigua is a Senior Lecturer of Environmental Law and Dispute resolution at the University of Nairobi School of Law and The Center for Advanced Studies in Environmental Law and Policy (CASELAP). He has published numerous books and articles on Environmental Law, Environmental Justice Conflict Management, Alternative Dispute Resolution and Sustainable Development. Dr. Muigua is also a Chartered Arbitrator, an Accredited Mediator, the Managing Partner of Kariuki Muigua & Co. Advocates and Africa Trustee Emeritus of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators 2019-2023. Dr. Muigua is recognized among the top 5 leading lawyers and dispute resolution experts in Band 1 in Kenya by the Chambers Global Guide 2022 and was listed in the Inaugural THE LAWYER AFRICA Litigation Hall of Fame 2023 as one of the Top 50 Most Distinguished Litigation Lawyers in Kenya.

References

Muigua, K. “Accelerating Energy Transition in Kenya,” Kariuki Muigua & Co. Advocates Publications, September 2023, Available at: http://kmco.co.ke/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Accelerating-Energy-Transition-in-Kenya.pdf (accessed on 28th September 2023).

News & Analysis

Disruption of Arbitration by Online Dispute Resolution (ODR)

Published

9 hours ago

September 28, 2023

Admin

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic unsettled not only the global economy but also many professions and they are all seeking to stay afloat during the pandemic. Due to the preventive measures recommended by the World Health Organization which included social distancing among others, it became almost impossible for professionals to operate from their traditional physical offices. The legal profession was not spared either. The legal practice in many parts of the world including the African continent had been by way of physical attendance in courtrooms where the judges and magistrates, advocates and witnesses physically present their cases. The physical presence of employees in law firms also become difficult.

Court hearings shifted to being conducted virtually via online platforms. Arguably, this has disrupted dispute resolution systems in a way not experienced before. Apart from the effects of pandemic, the changes in the dispute resolution sector have also been largely attributed to the ascendancy of information technology, the globalization of economic activity, the blurring of differences between professions and sectors, and the increasing integration of knowledge. Technology has greatly impacted the way dispute resolution is done in many ways.

The shift to online hearings has not only affected litigation but also ADR practice and specifically arbitration, which had ordinarily operated like litigation though physical hearings. Notably, the world has experienced new business trends through electronic transactions, e-banking, e-commerce, crypto currency, artificial intelligence, financial technology and arguably, dispute resolution has also grown beyond physical meetings to Online Dispute Resolution (ODR), a branch of dispute resolution which uses technology to facilitate the resolution of disputes between parties through online-mediation, online-arbitration and online-negotiation, among others. In a variety of methods, the parties can use the internet and web-based technology. ODR can be completed wholly online, via email, videoconferencing, or both.

Covid-19 led to unprecedented advancement in the use of technology as a tool for enhancing accessing to justice for all. Many countries around the world were forced to rethink their approach to administration of justice both quickly and efficiently in order to ensure that, where possible, hearings can proceed. This led them to adopt virtual hearings – conducting hearings remotely in order to minimise the risk of transmission of COVID-19 and ensure the health of all parties in attendance is maintained. While the danger of the pandemic has passed, stakeholders of access to justice are rethinking physical hearings and increasingly thinking about investing in virtual hearings. For instance, in Kenya, it is commendable that the Judiciary recently embarked on enhancing the use of technology in judicial proceedings in all courts, especially during the COVID19 pandemic period, including the use of: (a) e-filing; (b) e-service of documents; (c) digital display devices; (d) real time transcript devices; (e) video and audio conferencing; (f) digital import devices; and (g) computers in the court.

With increased globalisation, ADR Practitioners are tapping technology from the comfort of their homes or offices regardless of the geographical location or distance to engage in dispute resolution. The result is that ADR practitioner are using technology to tap into the ever growing international alternative modes of Dispute Resolution such as international arbitration, mediation and Online Disputes Resolution (ODR) especially in the face of rapidly growing networking and borderless legal practice, with the introduction of diverse social media platforms that allow interconnectivity beyond the national boundaries and enabling cross-border relationships between clients and their lawyers and law firms amongst themselves.

Going into the future, technology will lead to tremendous growth of international trade, interstate deals, bilateral and multilateral treaties. In turn, dispute resolution will increasingly continue becoming global and smart ADR practitioners must therefore up their game with international best practices as with the advent of internet, telecommunication systems. As a matter of fact, ADR is no longer limited to one jurisdiction or regions as e-commerce increase the amount and size of cross-border transactions. Thus, as it has rightly been pointed out, ‘the COVID-19 pandemic may prove a catalyst for justice system players including ADR practitioners to fully embrace technology and reduce their reliance on in person hearings and hard copy documents, particularly for dispute management purposes, even after the pandemic. However, even this brings in its wake numerous privacy challenges and especially due to possibilities of leakage of documents due to cyber insecurities. But all the same, the ADR fraternity had better get ready for a future where Online Dispute resolution is the main thing.

*This article is an extract from the Book: Settling Disputes Through Arbitration in Kenya, 4^th Edition (Chapter Thirteen), Glenwood Publishers, Nairobi, 2022 by Dr. Kariuki Muigua, PhD, Senior Advocate of Kenya, Chartered Arbitrator, Kenya’s ADR Practitioner of the Year 2021 (Nairobi Legal Awards), ADR Lifetime Achievement Award 2021 (CIArb Kenya), African Arbitrator of the Year 2022, Africa ADR Practitioner of the Year 2022, Member of Permanent Court of Arbitration nominated by Republic of Kenya and Member of National Environment Tribunal (NET). Dr. Kariuki Muigua is a foremost Environmental Law and Natural Resources Lawyer and Scholar, Sustainable Development Advocate and Conflict Management Expert in Kenya. Dr. Kariuki Muigua is a Senior Lecturer of Environmental Law and Dispute resolution at the University of Nairobi School of Law and The Center for Advanced Studies in Environmental Law and Policy (CASELAP). He has published numerous books and articles on Environmental Law, Environmental Justice Conflict Management, Alternative Dispute Resolution and Sustainable Development. Dr. Muigua is also a Chartered Arbitrator, an Accredited Mediator, the Managing Partner of Kariuki Muigua & Co. Advocates and Africa Trustee Emeritus of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators 2019-2023. Dr. Muigua is recognized among the top 5 leading lawyers and dispute resolution experts in Band 1 in Kenya by the Chambers Global Guide 2022 and was listed in the Inaugural THE LAWYER AFRICA Litigation Hall of Fame 2023 as one of the Top 50 Most Distinguished Litigation Lawyers in Kenya.

References

Muigua, K., Settling Disputes Through Arbitration in Kenya, 4^th Edition, Glenwood Publishers, Nairobi, 2022, p. 335 to 340.

News & Analysis

Difference between Traditional ADR Versus Digital Disputes Resolution

Published

16 hours ago

September 28, 2023

Admin

A perusal through many of the African countries’ legal, policy and institutional frameworks on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) practice reveal that most of them are still focused on the traditional arbitral processes that are mainly physical in nature. However, with technological evolution, there has been emergence of new areas of commerce which naturally also come with related disputes. One such area is the digital commerce platforms. Consumer behavior and business models have changed dramatically as a result of digitalisation and technological disruption, which was expedited by the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from pandemic impacts, the rise of information technology, globalization of economic activity, blurring of distinctions between professions and sectors, and increased integration of knowledge have all contributed to developments in the legal sector. Technology has greatly impacted the way law and legal experts are operating in this era as far as enhancing efficiency is concerned.

Further, the rise of platforms and apps with multiple integrated services ranging from transportation to finance and telemedicine has altered how services are consumed, with businesses increasingly relying on electronic transactions and digital solutions for everything from sourcing to invoicing and payments. Secure and smooth cross-border data transfers are critical for the digital economy’s growth and the protection of consumers’ interests. The traditional legal and institutional frameworks on arbitration cannot, arguably, respond to the related disputes as they currently are. There is thus need for African countries to respond to the digital and technological evolution by putting in place corresponding infrastructure to address the disputes that are bound to arise from the same.

ADR procedures have been linked to a number of benefits over litigation, including being quicker, cheaper, and less restrictive on procedural norms. In the twenty-first century, alternative dispute resolution (ADR) aims to develop a faster, more cost-effective, and more efficient approach than litigation, which is time-consuming and expensive. Foreign investors prefer mediation or arbitration over the national court system because they are concerned about the effectiveness of national courts in cross-border conflicts. In the context of cross-border commerce, dispute resolution through arbitration/ADR is not just a domestic but also an increasingly rising worldwide phenomena.

Contemporary ADR methods and procedures are thought to be more efficient and constructive than traditional schemes for managing conflicts and settling disputes because they help parties collaborate by reducing animosity and diminishing competitive incentives during the process, and in part, allows for a more satisfactory process through the conflict management expertise of professional negotiators and state-of-the-art in the field. The features of flexibility, cheap cost, absence of complex processes, collaborative issue solving, salvaging relationships, and familiarity with the general public are the core selling points of ADR methods.

Digital disruption has been felt across all modes: digital versions of products or services compete with physically embodied versions, and digital distribution/facilitation business models compete with conventional distribution business models. Technology has also crept into the realm of alternative dispute resolution thanks to advancements in the field. There is now online mediation, online arbitration, and even block chain arbitration, which employs the same block chain technology as cryptocurrencies. Alternative conflict resolution, sometimes known as “online dispute resolution,” is becoming more popular.

The United Kingdom’s Digital Dispute Resolution Rules provide for an automatic dispute resolution process which means a process associated with a digital asset that is intended to resolve a dispute between interested parties by the automatic selection of a person or panel or artificial intelligence agent whose vote or decision is implemented directly within the digital asset system (including by operating, modifying, cancelling, creating or transferring digital assets). It is, however, worth pointing out that these Rules have also created room for the traditional ADR mechanisms by providing that ‘any dispute between interested parties arising out of the relevant contract or digital asset that was not subject to an automatic dispute resolution process shall be submitted to arbitration in accordance with the current version of these rules at the time of submission; however, any expert issue shall be decided by an appointed expert acting as such rather than as an arbitrator’.

The emergence of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) as a supplement to Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) might result in a meaningful paradigm shift in how conflicts are resolved outside of conventional court systems. It has been argued that the traditional court system is incapable of administering justice ‘on a large scale,’ and that ADR and ODR are more appropriate because they provide the architecture and tools to handle online disputes and can more proportionally handle functions that judicial authorities can no longer handle. International commercial disputes may quickly grow into huge trade disputes with significant political and economic ramifications, necessitating the greater use of extrajudicial dispute settlement rather than litigation in national courts. As a result of globalization, effective and dependable systems for resolving commercial and other general issues involving parties from several jurisdictions have become not only desirable but also essential.

*This article is an extract from the Article “The Evolving Alternative Dispute Resolution Practice: Investing in Digital Dispute Resolution in Kenya” by Dr. Kariuki Muigua, PhD, Senior Advocate of Kenya, Chartered Arbitrator, Kenya’s ADR Practitioner of the Year 2021 (Nairobi Legal Awards), ADR Lifetime Achievement Award 2021 (CIArb Kenya), African Arbitrator of the Year 2022, Africa ADR Practitioner of the Year 2022, Member of Permanent Court of Arbitration nominated by Republic of Kenya and Member of National Environment Tribunal (NET). Dr. Kariuki Muigua is a foremost Environmental Law and Natural Resources Lawyer and Scholar, Sustainable Development Advocate and Conflict Management Expert in Kenya. Dr. Kariuki Muigua is a Senior Lecturer of Environmental Law and Dispute resolution at the University of Nairobi School of Law and The Center for Advanced Studies in Environmental Law and Policy (CASELAP). He has published numerous books and articles on Environmental Law, Environmental Justice Conflict Management, Alternative Dispute Resolution and Sustainable Development. Dr. Muigua is also a Chartered Arbitrator, an Accredited Mediator, the Managing Partner of Kariuki Muigua & Co. Advocates and Africa Trustee Emeritus of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators 2019-2023. Dr. Muigua is recognized among the top 5 leading lawyers and dispute resolution experts in Band 1 in Kenya by the Chambers Global Guide 2022 and was listed in the Inaugural THE LAWYER AFRICA Litigation Hall of Fame 2023 as one of the Top 50 Most Distinguished Litigation Lawyers in Kenya.

References

Muigua, K., “The Evolving Alternative Dispute Resolution Practice: Investing in Digital Dispute Resolution in Kenya,” Available at: http://kmco.co.ke/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/The-Evolving-Alternative-Dispute-Resolution-Practice-Investing-in-Digital-Dispute-Resolution-in-Kenya-Kariuki-Muigua.pdf (accessed 28^th September 2023).